Northwest Iowa Crop Conditions

Planting season is off to a bit slower start compared to 2024 and 2025, but it remains in line or ahead of longer-term averages. Conditions last week were just warm enough to get some planters rolling across this region of Northwest Iowa, while others held off ahead of a cooler weekend forecast. Warm weather this week has pushed soil temperatures past 60°, so planting is now full speed ahead. However, the back-and-forth pattern looks to continue, with another cooldown expected later this week that may linger into early May.

Aside from the temperature swings, soil conditions are nearly ideal. There’s adequate moisture for germination without being wet enough to cause compaction. The farther west you go especially into South Dakota and Nebraska the dryer soil conditions get. As of now, at least 20% of the region’s corn has been planted. With many farmers just getting started, so that number should increase quickly over the next few days or until it rains.

This spring has made the decision of when to start planting, especially challenging. While early planting can maximize yield potential, it also brings a risk of reduced stand quality when soils are too cold. The goal is uniform emergence, consistent plant size, and even spacing. On the other hand, waiting for ideal conditions can push the planting date beyond the optimal window and may force fieldwork in overly wet soils later on, which creates its own set of problems. In most years, there ends up being a “best” planting window for top yields, sometimes it’s the early planters, other times those who waited, but unfortunately we won’t know for sure until harvest.

The trend of planting soybeans ahead of corn continues to gain traction. Right now there’s about as many soybeans planted as corn. Some farmers are choosing to plant soybeans when conditions aren’t quite fit for corn. Soybeans are less susceptible to chilling injury and tend to benefit from earlier planting (when it works out). However, they do have more risk of frost damage after emergence.